{"id":6579,"date":"2015-03-20T13:28:39","date_gmt":"2015-03-20T12:28:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/comgraph.hear.fr\/?p=6579"},"modified":"2015-03-20T13:30:31","modified_gmt":"2015-03-20T12:30:31","slug":"citizenfour","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comgraph.hear.fr\/surkrut\/2015\/03\/citizenfour\/","title":{"rendered":"Citizenfour"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Comment mettre en sc\u00e8ne ou raconter\u00a0au cin\u00e9ma des choses pour lesquelles on a peu ou pas d&rsquo;images ? C&rsquo;est le probl\u00e8me auquel\u00a0le documentaire Citizenfour de <a title=\"Laura Poitras\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Laura_Poitras\" target=\"_blank\">Laura Poitras<\/a> (visible au cin\u00e9ma actuellement) a d\u00fb faire face.<\/p>\n<div class=\"embed-vimeo\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/108614953\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" webkitallowfullscreen mozallowfullscreen allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p>Sans revenir dans les d\u00e9tails de l&rsquo;affaire Snowden, (dont\u00a0certaines des r\u00e9v\u00e9lations font r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement encore les gros titres un an et demi apr\u00e8s qu&rsquo;elle ait \u00e9clat\u00e9), qui sont plus qu&rsquo;int\u00e9ressantes pour leur aspect politique, le film vaut \u00e9galement\u00a0pour sa\u00a0fabrication et sa\u00a0narration.<\/p>\n<p>Le film d\u00e9bute\u00a0l\u00e0 o\u00f9 l&rsquo;histoire de l&rsquo;affaire Snowden commence : Laura Poitras qui est \u00e9galement la r\u00e9alisatrice du documentaire est contact\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re anonyme par une personne disant avoir des informations tr\u00e8s sensibles \u00e0 lui communiquer. Au moment o\u00f9 elle re\u00e7oit le message elle ne sait pas de qui il s&rsquo;agit, ni exactement sur quoi vont porter ses\u00a0r\u00e9v\u00e9lations.<br \/>\nOn n&rsquo;est pas\u00a0dans le cas de figure du\u00a0journaliste partant en reportage en pr\u00e9parant son tournage en amont. Cette incertitude sur les \u00e9v\u00e9nements qui\u00a0arriveront se poursuivra tout au long des faits\u00a0relat\u00e9s dans le film. Mais comment raconter quelque chose dont on ne sait absolument pas la teneur ?<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_6638\" style=\"width: 980px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-6638\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-6638 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/comgraph.hear.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/citizenfour.jpg\" alt=\"Edward Snowden et Glenn Greenwald dans une chambre d'h\u00f4tel \u00e0 Hong-Kong\" width=\"970\" height=\"545\" srcset=\"https:\/\/comgraph.hear.fr\/surkrut\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/citizenfour.jpg 970w, https:\/\/comgraph.hear.fr\/surkrut\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/citizenfour-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 970px) 100vw, 970px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-6638\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Edward Snowden et Glenn Greenwald dans une chambre d&rsquo;h\u00f4tel \u00e0 Hong Kong<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Le mat\u00e9riau filmique peut ainsi se d\u00e9composer en 4 \u00e9l\u00e9ments :<\/p>\n<p>\u2014 Les entretiens entre <a title=\"twitter Glenn Greenwald\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/GGreenwald\" target=\"_blank\">Glenn Greenwald<\/a> (journaliste au Guardian) et Edward Snowden. Dans ces s\u00e9quences, la\u00a0tension est perceptible en permanence : Snowden sait de quoi les services pour lesquels il a travaill\u00e9 sont capables pour pouvoir le retrouver. Les journalistes et Snowden savent qu&rsquo;\u00e0 partir du moment o\u00f9 le premier article sortira, leur temps sera compt\u00e9 avant qu&rsquo;ils ne soient localis\u00e9s et que d\u00e9marches soient entreprises pour emp\u00eacher la divulgation d&rsquo;autres informations.<\/p>\n<p>\u2014 Des s\u00e9quences de captures d&rsquo;\u00e9cran des messages entre Edward Snowden et ses interlocuteurs (le\u00a0tout se d\u00e9roulant dans un terminal d&rsquo;ordinateur crypt\u00e9, avec lecture du texte en voix off). Ces images sont les plus abstraites, mais en m\u00eame temps, elles sont le plus proches du mat\u00e9riau r\u00e9el des informations\u00a0qui sont trait\u00e9es par les services de renseignement. C&rsquo;est \u00e0 partir de cette mati\u00e8re premi\u00e8re que\u00a0les individus sont trac\u00e9s et identifi\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p>\u2014 Des\u00a0prises de vues de diff\u00e9rents lieux (principalement des vues de ville, notamment Hong Kong). Ces s\u00e9quences mettent bien en relation la virtualit\u00e9 des faits \u00e9voqu\u00e9s : capture de m\u00e9tadonn\u00e9es, \u00e9coutes \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle, analyse d&rsquo;informations en dehors de tout cadre l\u00e9gale ; avec le fourmillement d&rsquo;une m\u00e9gapole moderne, dont la majeure partie des interactions sont constitu\u00e9es par ces fameuses donn\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<p>\u2014 Quelques s\u00e9quences\u00a0film\u00e9es probablement apr\u00e8s l&rsquo;affaire Snowden, dont certaines mettent en sc\u00e8ne <a title=\"William Binney\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/William_Binney\" target=\"_blank\">William Binney<\/a>\u00a0qui avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 critiqu\u00e9 la politique d&rsquo;\u00e9coute de l&rsquo;administration am\u00e9ricaine. Ce faisant, elle r\u00e9pond \u00e0 une des craintes de Snowden d&rsquo;appara\u00eetre comme une ic\u00f4ne au d\u00e9triment des multiples probl\u00e8mes point\u00e9s par ses r\u00e9v\u00e9lations. Il y a donc un avant Snowden, et on voit \u00e0 la fin du film qu&rsquo;il y aura s\u00fbrement un apr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_6639\" style=\"width: 1034px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-6639\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-6639 size-large\" title=\"ES: Hey. Are you there ?\" src=\"http:\/\/comgraph.hear.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/dans-l-intimite-d-edward-snowden-la-realisatrice-laura-poitras-se-confiem200443-1024x870.jpg\" alt=\"Hey. Are you there ?\" width=\"1024\" height=\"870\" srcset=\"https:\/\/comgraph.hear.fr\/surkrut\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/dans-l-intimite-d-edward-snowden-la-realisatrice-laura-poitras-se-confiem200443-1024x870.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/comgraph.hear.fr\/surkrut\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/dans-l-intimite-d-edward-snowden-la-realisatrice-laura-poitras-se-confiem200443-300x255.jpg 300w, https:\/\/comgraph.hear.fr\/surkrut\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/dans-l-intimite-d-edward-snowden-la-realisatrice-laura-poitras-se-confiem200443.jpg 1465w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-6639\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">ES: Hey. Are you there ?<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Ce film\u00a0pose assez bien la question de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 dans laquelle nous souhaitons vivre. Et\u00a0de quelle mani\u00e8re nous d\u00e9pendons de nos outils num\u00e9riques. \u00c0 l&rsquo;heure o\u00f9 tous nos logiciels, tous nos documents sont d\u00e9port\u00e9s dans les fameux clouds (je\u00a0suis \u00e0 l&rsquo;heure o\u00f9 j&rsquo;\u00e9cris cet article, inscrit sur 5 clouds diff\u00e9rents), qui ne sont surtout pas virtuels, quelle autonomie souhaitons nous avoir vis \u00e0 vis de ces\u00a0outils en ligne ?<\/p>\n<p>Comme le\u00a0dit tr\u00e8s bien l&rsquo;un des personnages du documentaire, le fait de savoir que des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s publiques et priv\u00e9es (Snowden travaillait pour un prestataire priv\u00e9 de la NSA), ont acc\u00e8s \u00e0 nos donn\u00e9es, engendre une certaine forme d&rsquo;autocensure dans nos usages et nos documents. Ce qui d&rsquo;un point de vue de la libert\u00e9 d&rsquo;expression et d&rsquo;un certain id\u00e9al d\u00e9mocratique pose un vrai probl\u00e8me !<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Comment mettre en sc\u00e8ne ou raconter\u00a0au cin\u00e9ma des choses pour lesquelles on a peu ou pas d&rsquo;images ? C&rsquo;est le probl\u00e8me auquel\u00a0le documentaire Citizenfour de Laura Poitras (visible au cin\u00e9ma actuellement) a d\u00fb faire face. Sans revenir dans les d\u00e9tails de l&rsquo;affaire Snowden, (dont\u00a0certaines des r\u00e9v\u00e9lations font r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement encore les gros titres un an et [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6638,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"spay_email":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false},"categories":[69],"tags":[99,239,260],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Citizenfour - S\u00fcrkr\u00fct<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Un article sur le documentaire Citizenfour de Laura Poitras, traitant de l&#039;affaire Snowden.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/comgraph.hear.fr\/surkrut\/2015\/03\/citizenfour\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Citizenfour - 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